How many minutes are required between waves to allow offloading and retraction?

The requirement of 20 minutes between waves for offloading and retraction is based on operational safety and efficiency protocols in ramp operations. This time frame ensures that all necessary safety measures can be implemented, allowing personnel to safely offload cargo or passengers and prepare the aircraft for its next operation.

During this interval, ramp marshals can perform essential tasks such as ensuring the area is clear of obstacles, verifying that all ground service equipment is positioned correctly, and conducting safety checks on machinery and personnel. This approach not only enhances the efficiency of ground operations but also significantly reduces the risk of accidents or injuries during the busy turnover processes.

Overall, the 20-minute guideline strikes a balance between operational speed and safety, which is critical in managing ramp activities effectively.